Racial Violence in the United States, 1863 to Present
Links
General
Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project
Racism at American Pools Isn't New: A Look at a Long History
The Case for Reparations
Before 1863
European Colonizers Killed so Many Native Americans that it Changed the Global Climate
U.S. Government Hangs Thirty-Eight Dakota Men in Minnesota.
The Letter in Which Lincoln Debated the Morality of Slavery With Himself.
Indian Removal Act Forces Indigenous Peoples to Migrate West.
America's 'Great Chief Justice' Was an Unrepentant Slaveholder.
The Reconstruction Era
Freedmen's Bureau Online
Sites of violence. screconstruction.org
Racism in the Reconstruction
Homestead Act.
The Washington Post. Five Myths About Reconstruction.
vox.com A Short History of White People Rigging
Elections. vox.com
The Battle of Liberty Place.
Mississippi Authorizes “Sale” of Black Orphans to White "Masters or Mistresses"
General Grant Expels Jewish People from Tennessee District.
Confederate Veterans Established the Ku Klux Klan.
Congress Restores Confederates' Office-Holding Rights with the Amnesty Act of 1872.
HOW TO MARK JUNETEENTH IN THE YEAR 2020.
The Lynching Era
Without Sanctuary: Photographs and Postcards of Lynching in America
Lynching in America: Statistics,
Information, Images
Project HAL: Historical American Lynching Data
Collection Project
Ida B. Wells. "Lynch Law in America"
Freewheel Burning: Lynching Data
Dwight Murphey "Lynching: History and Analysis"
Ida B. Wells. A Red Record
Bar Graph of Lynching of African-Americans, 1890-1929
The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots
in the United States, 1880-1950
The Lynching of Postmaster Frazier Baker
President Harding Condemns Lynching
Lynching in America
Sundown Towns. James W. Loewen.
The Insular Cases. Slate.
20,000 Nazis in NYC. 1939. The Atlantic.
New Obituary for Ida B. Wells. The New York Times.
Ida B. Wells 1909 Speech on Lynching. The Guardian.
How White Americans Used Lynchings to Terrorize and Control Black People. The Guardian.
Mob of 2000 Lynches Eli Pigot in Brookhaven, Mississippi.
Marie Scott Lynched in Wagoner County, Oklahoma.
Horace Duncan and Fred Coker Lynched in Springfield, Missouri.
Preston John Porter Jr., 16, Lynched in Limon, Colorado.
Supreme Court Upholds Law Against Chinese Americans in White Schools.
U.S. Supreme Court Rules Indian Immigrants Ineligible for Citizenship.
Black Man and Woman Brutally Lynched in Mississippi Delta.
Marie Scott Lynched in Wagoner County, Oklahoma.
Alabama Mine Exploiting Black Convict Labor Explodes, Killing 128 Miners.
Ku Klux Klan Holds “Revival” Meeting at an Evergreen, Alabama Church.
Mary Turner, Pregnant, Lynched in Georgia for Publicly Criticizing Husband's Lynching.
How The Tulsa Race Massacre Caused Decades of Harm.
White Mob Destroys Memphis Office of Ida B. Wells’s Newspaper.
White Mob Lynches 19-Year-Old Black Man at Oklahoma Jail Despite Presence of National Guard Who Were Ordered to Protect Him.
Black Mother Ordered by Judge to Participate in Brutal Beating of Her Teenage Son in Front of Hundreds of White Spectators in Kentucky.
Thousands Lynch Two Black Men in Marion, Indiana.
How American Racism Influenced Hitler.
Opinion: The true crime story of the Osage Nation would take a century to tell. The Los Angeles Times.
America’s Most Dangerous Anti-Jewish Propagandist. The Atlantic.
Majority-Black Wilmington, N.C., fell to White mob’s coup 125 years ago. Washington Post.
The Civil Rights Era
Civil Rights Movement Veterans.
FBI.gov. Civil Rights Era Murders.
FBI.gov. Search for Civil Rights' Victims' Next of Kin.
Southern Poverty Law Center. Civil Rights Martyrs.
Southern Poverty Law Center. The Forgotten.
Chemical-Weapons Testing by Race in World War II.
The Isaac Woodard Case. blackpast.org
The Lone Journalist On the Scene When King was Shot and the Newsroom He Rallied. The New York Times.
zinnedproject.org Dec. 25, 1951: Murder of Harriette and Harry Moore in Florida.
Why a Town Is Finally Honoring a Black Veteran Attacked by Its White Police Chief. The New York Times.
Birmingham Church Bombing.
KKK Bombs Alabama Home of Civil Rights Leader Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth.
Richard and Mildred Loving Plead Guilty to Marrying Interracially.
Dr. King and Hundreds of Voting Rights Protestors Arrested.
The ‘No-Nos’ of Tule Lake. The Los Angeles Times.
japanese american Who fought Internment Camps in WWII to Get Posthumous Honor. The Los Angeles Times.
Racism and Interstate Highways. npr.org
Floridians Burn Cross and Stockpile Weapons to Maintain “Whites-Only” Beach. eji.org
Supreme Court Bans School Segregation, Sparking Massive White Resistance. eji.org
White Workers Riot After Black Workers Promoted in Mobile, Alabama. eji.org
Police Kill Unarmed Black Teen in Tampa, Florida; Civil Unrest for Days. eji.org
White Police Officer Beats Elderly Black Woman to Death. eji.org
The Unknown History of Black Uprisings. The New Yorker.
NAACP Leader Elbert Williams Lynched in Brownsville, Tennessee. eji.org
THE RIOT OF BAMBER BRIDGE (1943). blackpast.org
Booker T. Spicely's murder in Durham revisited by NCCU Law School abc11.com
When the Ku Klux Klan Came to Stanford. The Nation.
The Modern Era
Southern Poverty Law Center. Map of Hate Groups.
Southern Poverty Law Center. Hate Incidents List.
ABC News: Hate Crimes News.
NBC News:
Hate Crime in America, by the Numbers.
Bureau of Justice Statistics: Race/Ethnicity.
civilrights.org. FBI Hate Crime Statistics.
NAACP: Criminal Justice Fact Sheet.
The Sentencing Project: Interactive Map of Racial Disparities.
The Sentencing Project: Racial Disparity.
deathpenaltyinfo.org. Race and the Death Penalty.
capitalpunishmentincontext.org. Race and the Death Penalty.
ACLU: Race and the Death Penalty.
Prison Policy Initiative: State-by-State Incarceration Rates by
Race/Ethnicity.
drugwarfacts.org. Race and Prison.
pri.org. Black Church
Burnings, 1995-1996.
American Psychological Association.
Black Boys Viewed as Older,Less Innocent than Whites.
The Atlantic. A Matter of
Black Lives.
Mother Jones. Data for black vs. white deaths
by police.
The New Yorker.
Angola Prison and the Shadow of Slavery.
Campaign Zero. Ten Point plan to End Police Violence.
npr.org PA Judge Sentenced for Selling Teens into Prison
New York Times. 60 Years after Emmett Till.
The New York Times. Investigating Cases
from the Jim Crow Era.
Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education. School
Suspension Disparity in Southern States.
The New York Times. High Rates of Rape in Native American Population
Undue Police Force in Baltmore.
Unarmed People of Color Killed by Police,
1999-2014.
National Church Arson Task Force, Second Year Report.
hrw.org. Shielded from Justice: Police Brutality and Accountability
in the United States.
Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division,
Investigation of the Baltimore City Police Department.
Anti-Defamation League. State Hate Crimes Statutory Provisions.
Documenting Hate. ProPublica.
Understanding the Violence of
the Far Right.
United States Sentencing Commission. Demographic Differences in Sentencing: An Update to the 2012 Booker Report.
University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences.
Government Accountability Office. Countering Violent Extremism.
The New York Times. The Unmet Promise of Equality.
Time. 39% of Prisoners Should Not Be in Prison.
The Department of Justice. Hate Crimes.
Trayvon Martin Was Fatally Shot in Sanford, Florida.
Tne New York Times.
Swastikas, Slurs and Torment in Towns Schools.
The New York Times.
Pine Bush School District Settles Anti-Semitism Suit for $4.48 Million.
The New York Times. Settlement Over Anti-Semitic Bullying at Pine Bush Central Schools Is Approved.
The Plain View Project.
oversight.house.gov Confronting White Supremacy (Part I): The Consequences of Inaction.
Troy Davis Executed in Georgia Despite Evidence of Innocence.
Angry White Men: Tracking White Supremacy.
"The Great Replacement": The Violent consequences of Mainstreamed Extremism.
The Marshall Project.
Swastikas on US Campuses.
White Mob Chases, Kills Young Black Man in Howard Beach, New York.
Trayvon Martin Was Fatally Shot in Sanford, Florida.
States "Celebrate" Confederate Memorial Day.
Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment.
STANDING BY: RIGHT-WING MILITIA GROUPS & THE US ELECTION.
A Slaying in 1982 Maintains Its Grip on Asian-Americans.
Oprah in Forsyth County GA - 1987.
Ruby Bridges: the six-year-old who defied a mob and desegregated her school.
Segregation protests in Queens NY - 1975.
School Buses in Pontiac, Mich., Are Destroyed by Fire Bombs - 1971.
5 Ex‐Klansmen Convicted in School Bus Bomb Plot Pontiac MI- 1973.
Mass Racial Violence
Wikipedia: List of Ethnic Riots.
1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission.
Forbes: Chart of Race Riots in the last three decades.
"Official Report of the Battle of Hamburg" South Carolina
1876.
"The New Orleans Massacre" 1866.
The Freedmen's Bureau Online. Memphis Race Riot
of 1866.
The Memphis Race Riot of 1866.
The Springfield Race Riot of 1908.
nextstl.com St. Louis Riot of 1949.
mentalfloss.com Notre Dame vs. the Klan 1924.
pbs.org Hundreds of black deaths during 1919’s Red Summer are being remembered
U.S. Troops Kill Over 300 Lakota in Massacre at Wounded Knee.
White Mob Destroys Black Community of Rosewood, Florida.
What really happened at Wounded Knee, the site of a historic massacre.
Juneteenth started in Texas. So did this Black town. Whites destroyed it.
White racism brought down a Black community. Will there be reparations?
