police officer	n/a	male	---	circa 1972	New Jersey	---	---	Black Liberation Army member Assata Shakur was convicted of killing a New Jersey State Police officer	6
Guyton, Tyrone		male	15	1973	California	Alameda	Oakland	the boy was shot in the back by a white police officer after fleeing the scene of a robbery	3
Robinson, Frank J.	n/a	male	74	October 13, 1976	Texas	Anderson	Palestine	the civil rights activist's "suicide" left many open questions given there were three shell casings were found on the scene and his shotgun had been fired at least twice with one being in the garage wall; he had filed a suit against the city's electoral practices earlier in the year	5
Diamond, Glen	n/a	male	"young" man	1976	Alabama	Mobile	Mobile	police beat him and placed a noose around his neck temporarily in a downtown public square; survived	1
---	n/a	male	---	May 8, 1979	Alabama	Walker	Carbon Hill	a black man was shot in the face by the Klan; survival unknown	1
McDuffie, Arthur	n/a	male	---	December 17, 1979	Florida	Dade	Miami	several officers chased down the black insurance executive who was riding his motorcycle for "allegedly violating a traffic ordinance"; he later died from injuries suffered from the beating the officers gave him; the all-white jury took only three hours to acquit the officers involved on May 17, 1980 sparking the largest riot in Miami's history	7
Briscoe, Charles	n/a	male	37	September 5, 1979	California	Alameda	Oakland	a police officer, who had been involved in four previous fatal shootings, emptied his shotgun breaking Briscoe's legs, and then shot him with his service revolver killing him; the shooting was deemed justifiable by the police and district attorney	1
Jordan, Vernon		male		May 29, 1980	Indiana		Fort Wayne	the Urban League leader was shot in the back by racist Joseph Paul Franklin though he was declared innocent by an all-white jury; during the trial he had declared to "hate the race as a whole" and two witnesses had heard him brag about the shooting; survived	1
two black men	n/a	male	---	August 1980	Utah	Salt Lake	Salt Lake City	shot by racist Joseph Paul Franklin; survival unknown	1
---	n/a	male	17	August 1980	Pennsylvania	Philadelphia	Philadelphia	police killed the African-American boy by pistol-whipping him	1
Ward, Yulanda	n/a	female	---	November 1, 1980	District of Columbia	---	Washington	the community activist was shot by a group of assailants and left in the street	1
---	n/a	male	"young" man	ca. 1980	Michigan	Wayne	Detroit	the man died being tortured by a police officer with an electric cattle prod	1
Donald, Michael		male	19	March 21, 1981	Alabama	Mobile and Baldwin	Mobile	his two assailants, members of the KKK, placed a noose around his neck, beat him with a stick over 100 times and cut his throat three times, then hung him from a tree	2, 4, 7
McDonald, Douglas	n/a	male	---	October 12, 1981	Mississippi	Hinds	Eastover	his castrated body was found in a lake with his ears removed	1
---	n/a	---	---	October 1981	Arizona	---	---	a group of 300 black evangelicals who bought property for a church retreat were harassed and terrorized including being shot at and nearly run over with motor vehicles culminating with a bomb being placed in their van that killed one person and injured eight more	1
---	n/a	---	---	December 8, 1981	Georgia	Walton	Social Circle	the body was discovered after having been "lynched"; it belonged to the cousin of historian Manning Marable's wife	1
Randolph Jr., Charles and family	n/a	male	"retired"	1981	Connecticut	---	"rural"	the black ex-postal worker moved his family to a small rural town in Connecticut where his dog and ducks were killed, he received death threats, his car was sabotaged, and his son was run off the road destroying that vehicle; survived	1
Reems, Chester	n/a	male	---	May 3, 1982	North Carolina	Durham	Durham	thrown 80 feet in the air after being run into with an automobile because he was walking with a white woman	1
York, Frederick	n/a	male	38	1982	Georgia	Fulton	Atlanta	found hanging from a tree in downtown Atlanta	1
---	n/a	male	"young" man	May 26, 1982	North Carolina	Franklin	Franklinton	one black male was killed and another shot by a white man	1
Turks, William	n/a	male	---	June 22, 1982	New York	New York	Brooklyn (New York City)	a gang of white youths stopped a car of three black men; two managed to escape but Turks was caught and beaten to death	1
---	n/a	---	---	Summer 1982	Massachusetts	Suffolk	Dorchester (Boston)	apartment building that blacks had recently moved into was firebombed by youth	1
---	---	---	---	July 1983	southern Missouri	---	---	white supremacist group The Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord firebombed a synagogue and Jewish businesses	9
---	---	---	---	August 1983	Missouri	Greene	Springfield	white supremacist group The Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord firebombed a gay community church in Springfield	9
Stumpp, Bill	n/a	male	---	November 3, 1983	Arkansas	Bowie	Texarkana	Richard Snell, a vicious white supremacist, killed Stumpp in the mistaken belief that Stumpp, a pawnshop owner, was Jewish	9, 10
two federal marshals	n/a	---	---	1983	North Dakota	Stutsman	Medina	Gordon Kahl killed two federal marshals and wounded three others as he left a Posse Comitatus group meeting; he compared the killings to his service in WWII; it was his duty because he had "discovered that our nation had fallen into the hands of an alien people"; he evaded the law for some months before dying after being trapped in a bunker that caught fire while he was in a showdown with federal agents in Arkansas	9
Person, Bobby	n/a	male	---	1983	North Carolina	Moore	---	Mr. Person, an African American prison guard in Moore County, attempted to apply for a promotion to sergeant; the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan burned a cross in his yard and held his family at gunpoint while in army fatigues to intimidate his attempt at economic betterment	9
Berg, Alan	n/a	male	50	June 18, 1984	Colorado		Denver	Berg was gunned down in his driveway, assassinated by members of the white supremacist group The Order; Berg was an outspoken antiracist, and prominent lawyer and radio talk show commentator who was Jewish	9
Bryant, Louis P.	n/a	male		June 30, 1984	Arkansas	---	---	Richard Snell, a white supremacist and member of The Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord militia, killed African American state trooper Louis Bryant during a routine traffic stop; this allowed federal agents to raid The Covenant's compund where they seized an extremely large and illegal cache of weapons including enough sodium cyanide to kill 440,000 people	9, 10
---	n/a	---	---	Summer 1984	Alabama	Montgomery	Montgomery	the headquarters of the Southern Poverty Law Center was firebombed by Klan members linked to the Aryan Nations group	9
Matthews, Robert Jay	n/a	male	---	late November 1984	Washington	Island County	Whidbey Island	Matthews was one of the men present when The Order assassinated radio host and lawyer Alan Berg; when the FBI caught up to him at his Whidbey Island hideout he engaged in a thirty-six hour standoff firing at the more than 100 agents present to hold them off; when a helicopter dropped illumination flares into the area it ignited something in the home which exploded into a massive fireball killing Matthews; since many members of The Order when arrested had large caches of explosives, this may have been the cause of the explosion	9
a state trooper	n/a	---	---	April 15, 1985	Missouri	---	---	David Tate, a member of The Order, was stopped by two state troopers in a routine traffic check in Missouri near The Order's training camp there; he shot two state troopers, killing one of them and was arrested after a five-day search	9
Marshall, Robert and Martha	n/a			1985	Kentucky	Jefferson	Louisville (Sylvania neighborhood)	their home was firebombed on the night they moved in; they sued a county police officer who had been identified as a Klan member; he testified that of the forty Klan members that he knew, about half were also police officers and that superiors looked the other way as long as it did not become public	8
Griffith, Michael	n/a	male	---	December 20, 1986	New York	New York	Queens (New York City)	Michael Griffith was one of three black men whose car broke down in Bensonhurst and then went into a pizzeria to use the phone; a group of Italian Americans ended up chasing them out of the neighborhood with bats; two of the men were beaten; Griffith in a daze from the chase stumbled into the highway and was killed by a car	7
three people	---	---	---	January 17, 1987	North Carolina	Cleveland	---	two members of the White Patriot's Party in North Carolina, Robert Jackson and Doug Sheets, committed an armed robbery of a porn shop shooting five people in the head; then they firebombed the building; two of the victims must have had glancing wounds as they were able to escape and survive, but the other three died	9
an African-American family	n/a			ca. 1987	Illinois	Cook	Cicero	when the family attempted to move into all-white Cicero they were greeted with rifle shots and firebombs of which no one was convicted; the council president of Cicero after the incident stated that the "area is well-secured"	8
Hawkins, Yusef	n/a	male	---	August 23, 1989	New York	New York	Bensonhurst (New York City)	Hawkins, a student, and three friends went to look at a car for sale in Bensonhurst and were attacked by a group of about 30 whites; they chased the friends and fired shots at them striking Hawkins twice and killing him	7
Seraw, Mulugeta	n/a	---	---	late 1980s	Oregon	Multnomah	Portland	Seraw, an Ethiopian student in Portland, was murdered by skinheads associated with WAR, the White Aryan Resistance, led by tom Metzger out of California; a civil suit found Metzger and WAR jointly liable with $12.5 million in damages awarded Seraw's family	9
Sharpton, Rev. Al	n/a	male	---	1991	New York	New York	Bensonhurst (New York City)	during a protest over lenient sentencing of the killers of Yusef Hawkins, Rev. Sharpton was stabbed by angry counter-protesters	7
Harlins, Latasha	n/a	female	15	March 6, 1991	California	Los Angeles	Los Angeles	the 15-year-old was shot in the back of the head by a Korean grocery-store owner in adispute over an orange juice; this was part of the background context of the Rodney King riots that made them so volatile	7
Mayi, Manuel	n/a	male	---	March 29, 1991	New York	New York	Queens (New York City)	the college student was killed by a white racist gang	3
Green, Malice		male	---	1992	Michigan	Wayne	Detroit	Green was severely kicked and punched by two white police officers while other officers did nothing to stop the beating; Green had a seizure and died on the way to the hospital	3
Elliot, Archie		male	24	1993	Maryland	Prince Georges	---	shot 14 times by two police officers while his hands were handcuffed behind his back and he was in the front seat of a police car; the officers said he had managed to get a gun and was threatening them	3
two African Americans	n/a	---	---	December 1995	North Carolina	---	near Fort Rragg	a group of active-duty skinheads at Fort Bragg murdered two African Americans	9
Gammage, Jonny		male	---	1995	Pennsylvania	Allegheny	Pittsburgh	Gammage was beaten, stomped, and eventually asphyxiated to death by five white police officers in a predominately white suburb after a traffic stop; one of the grand jurors compared the case to a nineteenth-century lynching due to its brutality; he had no prior police record	3
Buchanan, Rudy	n/a	male	22	1995	Arizona	Maricopa	Phoenix	Buchanan was shot at 89 times while in a housing project and fatally wounded	3
Watson, Aswan "Keshawn"	n/a	male	23	June 13, 1996	New York	New York	New York City	Watson was shot 24 times in a car by two undercover officers who claimed he reached for something while in a stolen vehicle; he was in fact unarmed and witnesses said he placed his hands up as the officers approached him	3
---	n/a	male	---	1996	California	---	Los Angeles	two LAPD officers shot a gang member intentionally, paralyzing him, then planted a gun to make it appear to be self-defense; this was admitted by one of the officers after he had been convicted of stealing eight pounds of cocaine from police custody	3
Lewis, TyRon		male	18	1996	Florida	Pinellas	St. Petersburg	killed by police after allegedly using his car as a weapon against them when directed to stop	3
Cedeno, Kevin	n/a	male	16	April 16, 1997	New York	New York	Manhattan (New York City	shot in the back while holding a machete and running away from police; the officer who shot Cedeno, Anthony Pellegrini, was named Officer of the Month while still under investigation for the shooting; no one was indicted for the shooting; Pellegrini claimed the boy lunged at him with the machete causing him to shoot		3
Louima, Abner		male	---	1997	New York	New York	Brooklyn (New York City)	the Haitian-American was beaten by police and then sodomized with a broken broom handle by officer Justin A.Volpe; Volpe was convicted and sentenced to 30 years in prison; Charles Schwarz who held Louima down was also convicted; two other officers were acquitted; Volpe's initial defense was that Louima's injuries were due to consensual sex prior to his arrest, before he ultimately plead guilty; three officers including Schwarz were convicted in federal court on March 6, 2000 of conspriring to obstruct justice in Schwarz's case; Louima sued New York and won $8.75 million in damages	3, 7
Hernandez Jr., Esequiel		male	---	1997	Texas	Presidio	Redford	Hernandez was killed by four US Marines who were on drug patrol sparking a debate about the role of the military in civilian policing	3
Byrd, James	n/a	male	49	June 7, 1998	Texas	Jasper	Jasper	Byrd was lynched by three white racists; he was beaten and then chained to the back of a truck and dragged to death; two of the assailants were given death sentences and one life in prison	7
Diallo, Amadou		male	22 (23?)	February 4, 1999	New York	New York	Bronx (New York City)	shot nineteen times in a hail of 41 bullets by four white police officers while unarmed in his apartment's vestibule; the trial was moved to an area 150 miles from NYC where an all-white jury acquitted the four officers of all charges	3, 7
Miller, Tyisha		female	---	late 90's	---	---	---	shot twelve times by four policemen when she was found unconscious in a car by police with a gun in her lap; no relative had called the police to help her; no officer was charged, though they were later fired.	3
Baez, Anthony		male	29	late 90's	New York	New York	New York City	Baez hit a police car with a football and was killed by Officer Francis X. Livoti; Livoti was acquitted of criminally negligent homocide but sentenced to seven and a half years for federal civil rights violations; he had used a chokehold that had been outlawed by the NYPD	3
Mitchell, Margaret Laverne		female	55	---	---	---	---	the mentally ill homeless woman was shot after allegedly lunging at a police officer with a screwdriver; no officer charged.	3
Zarraga, Daniel Garcia	n/a	male	---	---	---	---	---	shot and killed, the police claimed, after lunging at them with a "shiny object"; no officer charged	3
Huang, Yong Xin		male	16	---	---	---	---	shot behind the left ear at close range after an alleged struggle over an air gun; no officer charged	3
Bumpers, Eleanor		female	"elderly"	---	---	---	---	the mentally ill woman was killed by police called to her apartment to evict her for not paying her rent	3
Rivera, Lewis	n/a	male	---	---	---	---	---	the homeless man was chased by five police officers, pepper-sprayed, kicked, bound hand and foot and dragged to a police car, dying less than an hour later in a holding cell	3
McQueen, Ivory	n/a	female	43	---	North Carolina	Cumberland	---	the black woman with a history of mental problems was shot multiple times because she was holding a kitchen knife	3